{"id":560,"date":"2019-02-21T09:41:57","date_gmt":"2019-02-21T09:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/business-and-society\/?p=560"},"modified":"2019-02-21T09:41:57","modified_gmt":"2019-02-21T09:41:57","slug":"digital-futures-sharing-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/business-and-society\/2019\/02\/21\/digital-futures-sharing-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Futures \u2013 the Sustainability of Sharing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>What is the sharing economy, and can it deliver on its promise to contribute to sustainable development? What are the challenges of \u201csharing\u201d in the age of digital capitalism, and what is the future of using technology responsibly? We brought together two eminent scholars \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/unina.academia.edu\/AdamArvidsson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Arvidsson<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.royalholloway.ac.uk\/portal\/en\/persons\/giana-m-eckhardt(828bedca-f681-4cc3-aae7-df3162cbd608).html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giana Eckhardt<\/a> \u2013 and two inspiring entrepreneurs \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dotproject.coop\/meet-the-team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cat Ainsworth<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.organise.org.uk\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Usman Mohammed<\/a> \u2013 \u00a0to discuss these questions and their implications for management theory and practice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the sharing economy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The sharing economy is an economic system based on people sharing possessions or services, usually via the internet. It is a system that is increasingly touching our lives, from the peer-to-peer online marketplace\u00a0for accommodation that is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.airbnb.co.k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Airbnb<\/a>, through to micro-level platforms such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neighbourly.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neighbourly<\/a> that work at the grassroots to connect charities and community groups with funding, volunteers and donations of surplus food and products.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the paradoxes within the sharing economy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Giana M. Eckhardt, Professor of Marketing and Director of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.royalholloway.ac.uk\/portal\/en\/organisations\/centre-for-research-into-sustainability(cdea034a-f470-4722-b928-c66e8a89a2bc).html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centre for Research in Sustainability<\/a> at Royal Holloway University of London, bases her reflections on this question around her soon-to-be-published book, <em>Handbook of the Sharing Economy<\/em>\u00a0(co-edited with Professors Russell Belk and Fleura Bardhi). She sees some inherent tensions within the sharing economy. While sharing refers to the prosocial behaviour in small communities such as the family, economy relates to \u201c<em>access-based consumption within a potentially large community of distant others<\/em>\u201d. These paradoxes, Giana argues, have deeply influenced the \u201ccoming of age\u201d of the sharing economy in the last ten years, and will likely do so in the future. For example, many hopes of early commentators that the sharing economy would pave the way to a radically new economic system between socialism and capitalism have not materialised. Many community-based sharing initiatives have not survived while the gig part of the sharing economy, including Airbnb and Uber, has attracted massive consumer interests around the world.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u2066<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RHUL_CRIS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RHUL_CRIS<\/a>\u2069 director Giana Eckhardt giving a terrific overview of challenges of bridging the moral and the market economies in the new wave of the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/sharingeconomy?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#sharingeconomy<\/a> from her forthcoming co-edited book. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/digitalfutures?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#digitalfutures<\/a> \u2066<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BathCBOS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@BathCBOS<\/a>\u2069 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/fBZTmMJG7R\">pic.twitter.com\/fBZTmMJG7R<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Andrew Crane (@ethicscrane) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ethicscrane\/status\/1094989554510118912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 11, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What\u2019s the bigger picture? Is the sharing economy a digitally-empowered version of earlier forms of capitalism?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adam Arvidsson, Professor in Sociology of Culture and Communication at the Department of Social Sciences at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unina.it\/unina-international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Naples<\/a>, argues that the sharing economy is the symptom of what he refers to as \u201c<em>industrious modernity<\/em>.\u201d According to Adam, industrious modernity describes the socially embedded economy of the early Puritans and the Italian traders of the middle ages whose ethic of hard work was intimately connected with the social community in which they operated. This community-based form of early capitalism during the commercial revolution, which has greatly influenced and facilitated the transition from feudalism to capitalism, is now resurfacing in a digitally empowered version. This industriousness of the new era, he argues, is a common feature of a newly converging world-view of people in the global economy. It is showcased in the shadow economies in the industrial centres of China characterised by small-scale entrepreneurs and also in the \u201cbourgeois hipster economies\u201d in London or San Francisco where \u201csharing economy enthusiasts, peer producers, and crypto pioneers\u201d find it harder and harder to carve out a decent living.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Wow! Adam Arvidsson laying out an insightful analysis of our emerging industrious capitalism and the possibilities of new digital feudalism and mass micro innovation <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/digital?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#digital<\/a> futures \u2066<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BathCBOS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@BathCBOS<\/a>\u2069 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/nS4eQltdtA\">pic.twitter.com\/nS4eQltdtA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Andrew Crane (@ethicscrane) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ethicscrane\/status\/1094986110328098821?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 11, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The sharing economy in practice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The big names in this new digital economy may have provoked debate and criticism about their working practices and impact on communities, but a new breed of entrepreneurs are using technology to share resources in a different way. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dotproject.coop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOT PROJECT<\/a>, for instance, is a women-led digital consultancy and social enterprise. Founder Cat Ainsworth argues that to fully embrace the potential of technology, and the sharing economy therein, we need empathy: \u201c<em>we need to stop dehumanising technology, and focus on building team-based, people-based approaches to working with technology<\/em>\u201d. DOT PROJECT has a particular focus on non-profit groups who are working to achieve social impact, and the UK Government agenda to drive digital skills and more women into technology roles. As a key partner of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meetup.com\/TechForGoodBath\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech for Good Bath<\/a>, DOT PROJECT has helped to facilitate informal mentoring, skills workshops and networking across 450 members of the local community, practically demonstrating the positive impact of knowledge sharing in the context of the digital economy.<\/p>\n<p>Recognising that some of the polished platforms of sharing economy darlings such as Uber and Airbnb have pioneered change, DOT PROJECT takes a pragmatic view of the digital future. It can be a positive future but only if technology is seen as an enabler, not an end solution.\u00a0 In particular, for smaller organisations,\u00a0 technology can revolutionise the way we solve social challenges. This is a journey, so organisations need to see this as an exploration and have the courage to try new ways of working.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What impact is the sharing economy having in day-to-day life? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Just before Christmas, a culture of alleged sexual harassment came to light at luxury clothing retailer Ted Baker, facilitated in large part by the technological expertise of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.organise.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Organise<\/a>. Organise is a social enterprise that provides decentralised and anonymised collective action tools for people in the workplace. Organise uses digital technology to provide platforms to engage with issues such as sexual harassment at scale, mobilising change in a fast and efficient way. With a mission of \u201cgiving people the tools, network and confidence to make change happen in their workplace,\u201d Organise seeks to use digital technology for collective social good, providing a real-life example of the disruptive and potentially transformative potential of a digital future. Platforms such as Organise offer a valuable opportunity not only to create greater organisational accountability for key internal stakeholders, but also to embed a stronger sense of solidarity amongst workers in increasingly more disparate and unstable working environments, making the invisible visible.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud83d\udd11 take out from today - Real insight into <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/techforgood?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#techforgood<\/a>. Huge thanks to <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/dotprojectcoop?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@dotprojectcoop<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CatAinsworth?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CatAinsworth<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AnnieLegge?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AnnieLegge<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/organisehq?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@organisehq<\/a> for bringing to life the power of knowledge sharing in the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/digitaleconomy?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#digitaleconomy<\/a> alongside Giana Eckhardt <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RHUL_CRIS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RHUL_CRIS<\/a> Adam Arvidsson <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/uninapoli?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@uninapoli<\/a> &amp; @shielscher1 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/smFI1ToeCY\">pic.twitter.com\/smFI1ToeCY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; CBOS at Bath Uni (@BathCBOS) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BathCBOS\/status\/1095047844116025349?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 11, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What\u2019s the future for the sharing economy? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In sum, we learned that while the sharing economy can deliver on its promise to provide more sustainable options (e.g. in driving access-based, rather than physical consumption) there are still big challenges to truly embed more collaborative models of consumption in the age of digital capitalism and overcome inherent paradoxes and tensions. There is a real need to encourage responsible use of technology and to work together to ensure that these new business models are truly providing social, as well as, economic benefit. After all, sharing is caring.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Comments and insights in this piece are drawn from presentations and discussion at an event organised by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bath.ac.uk\/cbos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centre for Business, Organisations and Society<\/a> at the University of Bath. The event - Digital Futures: the Sustainability of Sharing, which took place on 11th February 2019 - was introduced by\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/researchportal.bath.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/sarah-glozer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr Sarah Glozer<\/a>\u00a0and the panel moderated by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/researchportal.bath.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/stefan-hielscher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr Stefan Hielscher<\/a>.<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the sharing economy, and can it deliver on its promise to contribute to sustainable development? What are the challenges of \u201csharing\u201d in the age of digital capitalism, and what is the future of using technology responsibly? 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