{"id":3051,"date":"2026-10-21T08:37:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T07:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/?p=3051"},"modified":"2026-10-21T09:21:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T08:21:45","slug":"climate-action-is-social-what-this-means-for-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/2026\/10\/21\/climate-action-is-social-what-this-means-for-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate action is social: What this means for policy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Governments often rely on information campaigns to encourage people to change their behaviour, but climate action requires more than simply providing information. Drawing on research into social influence, <a href=\"https:\/\/researchportal.bath.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/sam-hampton\/\">Dr Sam Hampton<\/a> at the University of Bath explores how policymakers can better understand the people, relationships and institutions that shape behaviour, and use this insight to support low-carbon choices.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Governments have a complicated relationship with behaviour change. Many policy goals depend, at least partly, on changes in what people do. But governments are understandably wary of being seen to tell people how to live, and interventions that appear too prescriptive can attract accusations of creating a \u2018nanny state\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>This tension is particularly apparent in climate policy. Meeting climate targets will involve changes to how homes are heated, how we travel and what we consume. Governments shape many of these choices through infrastructure, regulation and financial incentives. But when it comes to engaging the public directly with low-carbon choices and behaviours, a more familiar response is simply to fund public information campaigns.<\/p>\n<p>Governments could do much more to support behaviour change \u2013 including giving more attention to social influence.<\/p>\n<p>People make decisions in social settings. We observe what other people are doing, talk to friends and family, seek advice from people with relevant expertise, and draw conclusions from the actions of institutions and public figures. Some of these influences are deliberate, but social influence often happens through ordinary interactions and through signals about what other people do or expect.<\/p>\n<p>Our draws on social psychology, behavioural science and climate communication to examine how influence can support climate action. It identifies four interacting dimensions that can help policymakers think differently about behaviour change:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>messenger<\/strong>: Who is influencing?<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>audience<\/strong>: Where is the influence being directed?<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>mode of influence<\/strong>: How does the influence occur?<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>behavioural domain<\/strong>: What is the area of focus?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3053\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence.png\" alt=\"A diagram showing four main aspects of social influence for climate action are the messenger, behavioural domain, audience and mode of influence.\" width=\"977\" height=\"877\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence.png 1041w, https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence-300x269.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence-1024x919.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence-768x689.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Social-influence-240x215.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 977px) 100vw, 977px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Start with behaviour<\/h2>\n<p>Our new framework encourages specificity. \u2018How might government persuade people to make green choices?\u2019 becomes \u2018What behaviour are we trying to enable, and who already influences the decisions people make about it?\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Consider home heating. Installing a heat pump is a relatively complex and infrequent decision. Householders may need to weigh cost, disruption, comfort and reliability, often without much prior knowledge. Heating engineers and plumbers can therefore occupy an influential position. They have professional expertise, they interact with households when decisions about heating systems are being made, and their advice is delivered through direct conversation.<\/p>\n<p>This does not mean that tradespeople are necessarily effective advocates for heat pumps, or that government should simply recruit them to deliver climate messages. In fact, it\u2019s possible that gas engineers may prefer to <em>dissuade <\/em>their customers from making the change. Simply identifying a trusted messenger is therefore insufficient. Their influence depends on vested interests, the behaviour in question, the audience, the point at which the interaction occurs and the message being communicated.<\/p>\n<p>It is also important to look beyond the usual suspects. Social workers, religious leaders and other professionals such as hairdressers are known for building relationships with diverse audiences. As the impacts of climate change are now experienced by everyone in society, interactions increasingly relate to things like keeping cool in heatwaves, or making everyday green choices.<\/p>\n<h2>Policy sends messages too<\/h2>\n<p>Government activities also have important social influence, and governments themselves shape perceptions of what society values and where it is heading.<\/p>\n<p>Regulation, infrastructure and fiscal measures change the practical conditions in which people make choices. They can also signal institutional priorities and contribute to changing views of what behaviour is expected or increasingly normal. Actions such as investing in public transport, changing building standards or introducing a ban on certain products all have substantial influence, and can themselves accelerate low-carbon norms.<\/p>\n<p>The reverse issue also matters. Public campaigns or declarations can raise the visibility of climate change, but their influence may be limited when they are not accompanied by substantive action. This applies both to government as an institution and to individual political leaders. Climate advocacy is more convincing when it is followed by consistent action.<\/p>\n<p>When high-status individuals \u2018lead by example\u2019 by making visible green choices, this can help to improve their credibility and others\u2019 willingness to change. This is not always straightforward, however. Many politicians are required to travel frequently, for example, and they face the same barriers as many others in installing heat pumps. More research is needed on what is expected from political leaders and when higher personal emissions are regarded as justified.<\/p>\n<h2>Showing people that they are not alone<\/h2>\n<p>Public attitudes towards climate action are already more supportive than people realise. People systematically underestimate others\u2019 concern and willingness to make personal sacrifices to fight climate change. If people believe that those around them are indifferent, they may be less willing to discuss climate change or act visibly themselves.<\/p>\n<p>Everyday conversations can help make otherwise private attitudes and actions visible. Participatory approaches can also help people hear directly from others, rather than simply receiving information from the government. Citizens\u2019 assemblies are one example. Existing evidence suggests they can contribute to trust and legitimacy, although evidence on wider behavioural effects remains limited.<\/p>\n<p>For policymakers, this makes social influence something to investigate rather than a ready-made toolkit. When designing climate interventions, questions about who is influencing whom, through what kinds of interaction, and in relation to which behaviour can be considered alongside more familiar questions about information, incentives and infrastructure. Testing these combinations in real policy settings would also help build the evidence base needed to guide future policy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>About the author:<\/strong> Dr Sam Hampton is a Research Fellow at the University of Bath. He joined the University in 2021 to work on a project titled \u2018Accelerating Carbon Capability for an Equitable, Sustainable Society (ACCESS)\u2019. This project aims to improve understanding of how a more \u2018carbon capable\u2019 society can be achieved across the UK.<\/p>\n<p><em>All articles posted on this blog give the views of the author(s), and not the position of the IPR, nor of the University of Bath.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Governments often rely on information campaigns to encourage people to change their behaviour, but climate action requires more than simply providing information. Drawing on research into social influence, Dr Sam Hampton at the University of Bath explores how policymakers can...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2050,"featured_media":3052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[144,108,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change","category-culture-and-policy","category-energy-and-environmental-policy"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/115\/2026\/10\/Unpublished-Aiming-for-21-Oct-Climate-action-is-social_-What-this-means-for-policy.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2050"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bath.ac.uk\/iprblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}